Programme Director, on behalf of the honourable Premier, let me take this opportunity to convey a message of appreciation to everyone who is here with us today.

Compatriots, before we deal with our subject matter, allow us to at least make an attempt to lift some critical matters on the geopolitical landscape that are affecting everything under the sun. 

A Brief Observation on Geopolitics

In recent months, the world has witnessed a series of alarming escalations in Eastern Europe, the Middle East, and Sudan, each reflecting its own unique geopolitical complexities and humanitarian crises. The implications of these conflicts extend beyond their respective regions, fostering global tensions and prompting international calls for intervention.  In Eastern Europe, the ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine continues to dominate headlines.

The situation intensified following Russia's annexation of Crimea in 2014; after the USA undermined the minsk agreement, the current phase of the conflict has escalated dramatically since the broader invasion began in February 2022.

The war has resulted in significant military and civilian casualties, widespread displacement, and pervasive economic disruption. NATO's response, which includes the provision of military aid to Ukraine and the strengthening of defensive capacities in neighboring countries, has further strained relations between Russia and Western nations.

This standoff raises crucial questions about the future of European security architecture and the capacity of international organizations to mediate in protracted conflicts.

In the Middle East, tensions have surged, particularly in Israel and Palestine. The long-standing Israeli-Palestinian conflict remains unresolved, exacerbated by periodic outbreaks of violence as a result of the Israeli apartheid regime.

Recent escalations have seen an increase in both retaliatory attacks and civilian casualties, deeply affecting the humanitarian situation in Gaza and West Bank territories.

Regional actors, including Iran and various armed groups, have also played a role in destabilizing the Israeli aggression, unfortunately this has also complicated peace negotiations.

The changing dynamics within the region, influenced by external actors and shifting alliances, underscore the complexity of pursuing sustainable peace amid historical grievances and ideological divides.

Amid these conflicts, Sudan is facing a multifaceted crisis characterized by internal power struggles, economic destabilization, and humanitarian challenges.

The recent clashes between rival military factions have plunged the nation into chaos, leading to widespread violence and a worsening humanitarian situation. Displacement and food insecurity have surged, prompting fears of a broader regional spillover.

International responses have focused on calls for ceasefires and negotiations, yet lasting solutions remain elusive due to the entrenched interests of local and regional players.

While each of these regions experiences distinct challenges, they are interconnected within the global landscape, highlighting the fragility of international peace and security.

The escalations in Eastern Europe, the Middle East, and Sudan emphasize the need for a coordinated international approach to conflict resolution. Diplomatic efforts must be intensified to address the root causes of these conflicts, promote dialogue, and ensure the protection of civilian populations.

Compatriots, the current global escalations in Eastern Europe, the Middle East, and Sudan represent critical challenges that necessitate immediate attention from the international community.

As geopolitical tensions rise, the call for multilateral engagement and sustainable solutions has never been more urgent.

The path toward peace demands not only political will but also a commitment to uphold humanitarian principles and foster inclusive dialogue among all stakeholders.

Whilst it is clear that we need multilateral engagements for sustainable solutions, the USA continues to undermine this principle; instead, it is on a vicious campaign of liquidating multilateral institutions and structures like the United Nations.  

Liquidation of Multilateral Institutions and Structures 

The increasing disillusionment of the United States with multilateral structures, particularly the United Nations (UN) and its Security Council, has profound implications for global governance, especially in the context of conflicts in the Middle East. Historically, the UN has served as a platform for international diplomacy and conflict resolution, but recent actions by the U.S. have contributed to a deterioration of this institution's efficacy, severely hindering its ability to respond to crises in this tumultuous region.

In the post-World War II era, the UN was established with the intention of fostering cooperation among nations and maintaining global peace. The Security Council, endowed with the authority to take measures to maintain or restore international peace, was designed to ensure that conflicts could be addressed through collective action.

However, the U.S. has increasingly adopted a unilateral approach to foreign policy, often prioritizing its own strategic interests over multilateral consensus. This shift has weakened the UN's role as a mediator and peacekeeper, particularly in the Middle East, where power dynamics are complex and multifaceted.

One of the most evident consequences of U.S. withdrawal from multilateral engagement is the inability of the Security Council to act decisively in regional conflicts. Instances such as the Syrian civil war, the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, and the rise of extremist groups like ISIS illustrate the paralysis within the UN framework.

The repeated vetoes by the U.S. in the Security Council concerning resolutions on these conflicts reflect a calculated disregard for collective decision-making. This has effectively stymied the UN's efforts to promote peace, as conflicting national interests overshadow the need for coordinated action and humanitarian response.

Moreover, the U.S. approach has contributed to a perception of bias within the UN, particularly in its dealings with Israel and Palestine. The frequent protection of Israel through vetoes has alienated many member states and undermined the credibility of the UN as an impartial arbiter.

Consequently, this perception hampers the possibility of achieving a consensus on resolutions that could alleviate suffering and bring about diplomatic solutions in the Middle East. The result is a vacuum of leadership and initiative, where multilateral efforts have faltered, leaving regional actors to engage in power struggles unchecked by effective international oversight.

The absence of a strong and unified UN response further exacerbates the humanitarian crises that plague the Middle East.

Without multilateral mechanisms to facilitate dialogue and enforce ceasefires, conflicts tend to escalate, leading to significant loss of life and displacement of populations.

The inability of the international community to unite under the aegis of the Security Council creates an environment where actors—state and non-state alike—operate with impunity, rendering the vision of the UN as a guardian of peace and security increasingly elusive.

Programme Director, the gradual liquidation of multilateral structures by the United States, particularly in relation to the United Nations and its Security Council, has severely impaired the UN's capacity to act effectively in Middle Eastern conflicts.

The U.S. preference for unilateralism and selective engagement has undermined collective action and fostered perceptions of bias, ultimately compromising the UN's role as a mediator and peacekeeper.

As the complexities of the Middle East demand coordinated international responses, the diminishing authority of the UN raises critical questions about the future of global governance and the prospects for stability in the region.

Ladies and Gentlemen, let us now get back to our subject matter.

A Beacon of Hope and Determination 

Robert Sobukwe, a name that echoes in the annals of South African history, stands as a monument of resilience and unwavering commitment to justice. As a political activist and a leader, Sobukwe’s life paints a vivid canvas of courage in the face of oppression, inspiring generations to pursue equality and liberty in their respective struggles.

In exploring the legacy of Sobukwe, we are encouraged to embrace the values of integrity, selflessness, and tenacity, which remain essential in the pursuit of social justice today.

Born on December 5, 1924, in this town, Sobukwe grew up during a time of severe racial segregation. The apartheid system that was entrenched in South Africa sought to dismantle any form of resistance among the black populace.

Yet, Sobukwe’s early experiences nurtured a burning desire for change. He pursued his studies with vigor, eventually obtaining a degree in Economics and Political Science from the University of Fort Hare, a notable institution that became a cradle for many African leaders. His academic pursuits honed his understanding of social dynamics and ignited a passion for activism that would define his future.

Sobukwe’s commitment to justice began to crystallize during his time at university, where he actively engaged with the African National Congress (ANC) and later co-founded the Pan Africanist Congress (PAC) in 1959.

The formation of the PAC symbolized a significant ideological departure from the ANC, embracing a more militant approach to addressing racial injustices. Sobukwe’s vision was underscored by his belief in African humanism and his assertion that the struggle for liberation was not only political but also deeply rooted in African cultural identity.

The pivotal moment in Sobukwe's activism came in 1960 with the launch of the PAC’s anti-pass campaign. This movement called for mass protests against the laws requiring black South Africans to carry passbooks—documents that controlled their movement and access to certain areas. On March 21, 1960, the PAC organized a peaceful demonstration in Sharpeville, which tragically turned violent when the police opened fire on the unarmed crowd, killing sixty-nine people. This massacre served as a catalyst, immortalizing Sobukwe as a figure of resistance.

One could not help but be inspired by his courage during such tumultuous times, as he and his followers surged forward in their demands for dignity, liberty, and the right to live free from oppression.

Sobukwe’s activism drew the ire of the apartheid government, which viewed him as a formidable threat. In 1960, he was arrested and sentenced to three years in solitary confinement, a powerful reminder of the lengths to which oppressive regimes will go to suppress dissent. Even in the face of such adversity, Sobukwe remained unyielding.

He famously stated, “The dead cannot be wrong; they died for the cause.” His resolve to carry forward the torch of justice lit a fire within the hearts of many, transcending beyond prison walls, reminding us that hope does not diminish in times of hardship.

Though Sobukwe was released from prison in 1963, the regime-imposed banishment to Graaff-Reinet (where we are today) ensured that he would remain isolated from the leadership of the anti-apartheid struggle.

Yet, his influence persisted as an emblem of hope and determination. It is essential to recognize that Sobukwe's fight for liberation extended beyond the confines of political activism; he envisioned an Africa free from the shackles of colonialism and imperialism, advocating for unity among African nations.

His belief in the strength of solidarity is one that resonates with us today, encouraging individuals to unite in their advocacy for justice across myriad struggles.

The legacy of Robert Sobukwe transcends his life and stands as a testament to the enduring power of principled activism. In an era still shadowed by inequality and conflict, Sobukwe’s life offers invaluable lessons about courage, resilience, and the necessity of fighting for one’s rights. His unwavering dedication serves as a beacon for contemporary social movements in South Africa and beyond, urging us to channel our frustrations into constructive actions that shape a better future for all.

Compatriots, Robert Sobukwe's journey exemplifies the essence of unwavering commitment to justice and dignity. His life reminds us that real change requires sacrifice and, most importantly, hope despite overwhelming odds. As we honour his legacy, let us be encouraged to take up the mantle of activism in our own communities, instilling in ourselves and others the belief that change is possible.

His story is not just that of a man who fought against apartheid; it is the narrative of humanity’s relentless pursuit of justice. In the spirit of Sobukwe, let us all strive to be vigilant stewards of hope, ensuring that his dreams for justice continue to inspire and compel us to action.

A Distinction Between Resistance and Transformation

Programme Director, in the discourse surrounding social justice and the fight against oppression, it is vital to delineate the complex relationship between struggle and transformation.

While resistance against oppression is often viewed as a precursor to societal change, it is essential to recognize that the act of struggling does not inherently lead to transformation. Furthermore, the individuals who engage in these struggles — often hailed as freedom fighters — do not automatically possess the capacity or vision necessary for effective transformation.

Resistance against oppression typically emerges in the face of injustice, manifesting through various forms of activism, protest, and advocacy. Such efforts are crucial for raising awareness, galvanizing support, and challenging the status quo.

However, the act of opposing oppressive systems does not automatically translate into transformative change. Struggles often stem from the existing social, economic, and political frameworks entrenched in societies; thus, they can inadvertently perpetuate existing power dynamics or devolve into mere reactions to oppression without envisioning new pathways for change.

For instance, consider movements that arise from a place of deep societal discontent. While these movements are essential for drawing attention to issues and mobilizing individuals, they may not possess a coherent vision for transformation.

The risk here lies in the potential for a struggle to obtain victory over one form of oppression, only to replace it with another, thus failing to disrupt the underlying systems of power.

Transformation requires a comprehensive understanding of not only the immediate issues but also rooting out the structural and ideological origins of oppression. Without this understanding, resistance may result in superficial changes that fall short of addressing root causes.

Moreover, the individuals who lead these struggles, often revered as freedom fighters, may not have the requisite divergent thinking needed for genuine transformation.

The qualities that make someone effective in opposing oppressive forces—such as charisma, courage, and resilience—do not necessarily equip them with the strategic foresight or theoretical grounding necessary for instituting lasting change.

The assumption that these leaders, once they attain prominence or social capital, automatically assume a role in the transformative process is a profound oversimplification. While their experiences may provide valuable insights, their historical context and motivations do not guarantee a comprehensive, inclusive, or sustainable vision for transformation.

In many instances, the transition from struggle to transformation requires a diverse coalition of voices, theories, and methodologies.

Those who participated in the original resistance may need to engage in a continual learning process, collaborate with a broader spectrum of stakeholders, and remain open to unconventional ideas.

Transformation demands not only action but reflection, re-evaluation, and a willingness to dismantle existing paradigms that may have previously informed their struggles.

Compatriots, while the struggle against oppression is a vital component of the larger quest for social justice, it is crucial to understand that this struggle alone does not guarantee transformation. Moreover, the individuals who engage in resistance may not inherently possess the vision or capacity to carry out meaningful transformation.

Therefore, a new ethos that transcends mere opposition to oppression, embracing a comprehensive and inclusive approach to societal change, must become paramount in the ongoing journey toward liberation and justice.

The time for reflection, learning, and collaborative engagement is essential for ensuring that the fight for justice evolves into a transformative movement, capable of reshaping the very foundations of society.

Compatriots, in advancing the programme of qualitative transformation, what would be the most pertinent question that Robert Sobukwe would deal with in our modern society?

Connecting Africa: The Need for a Common Constitutional Framework and Sustainable Policies for Development

Programme Director, Africa, the cradle of humanity, stands at the critical juncture of opportunity and challenge. With vast resources, diverse cultures, and youthful populations, the continent is poised for significant growth.

However, to realize its full potential, Africa must connect—not just through roads and rail networks, but through a shared vision encapsulated in a common constitutional framework and sustainable policies. Such initiatives will foster economic development, enhance access to markets, and promote the sharing of resources and ideas across borders. 

In a continent rich with diversity, establishing a common constitutional framework may seem ambitious. However, this framework could serve as the bedrock for unity, mutual respect, and shared goals among African nations.

By creating a constitution that prioritizes collective progress and the rights of all African citizens, countries can foster a sense of shared destiny. This constitution should emphasize values such as democracy, human rights, and social justice.

Moreover, a common legal framework would facilitate trade and movement of people across borders, streamlining customs procedures and harmonizing regulations.

This would not only enhance inter-African trade but also position Africa as a formidable player in the global economy. By working together, African nations would discover that their combined strengths far outweigh their individual challenges.

To achieve the vision of a connected Africa, sustainable policies for infrastructure development are paramount. The construction of robust road and rail networks is essential for facilitating access to markets, goods, and services.

These infrastructures are the lifeblood of any economy; they connect producers to consumers, facilitate trade, and ultimately empower communities. In this context, sustainability becomes a crucial pillar. 

The development of road and rail networks must not be at the expense of Africa's rich ecosystems. Sustainable practices such as employing renewable materials, ensuring minimal environmental impact, and incorporating green technologies should guide construction efforts.

Investments in infrastructure should prioritize not only economic returns but also the preservation of Africa’s natural heritage.

The economic benefits of improved connectivity cannot be overstated.

By establishing comprehensive road and rail systems, African nations can significantly reduce transportation costs, improving access to markets for both producers and consumers. Rural farmers, for instance, will be able to transport their goods to urban centres, ensuring better prices and reducing food wastage. 

Access to markets will also foster entrepreneurship and innovation. A well-connected infrastructure will support small and medium-sized enterprises, which are critical to job creation and economic growth.

Furthermore, as countries work towards integration, there will be increased opportunities for resource-sharing. From energy to technological advancements, collaboration will amplify development efforts across the continent. 

Coordination and Sharing of Ideas

Connectivity goes beyond mere physical infrastructure; it encompasses the sharing of ideas and resources. A united African vision can provide a platform for collaboration among nations. Countries will be able to learn from each other’s experiences and best practices, fostering a culture of innovation and problem-solving. 

In initiatives like the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA), we see the seeds of collaboration taking root.

However, to fully harness the potential of such agreements, nations must invest in educational programs, fostering a skilled workforce that can drive technological advancement and innovation.

By prioritizing education and cross-border collaboration, Africa can elevate itself as a global leader in various sectors, from agriculture to technology.

In hindsight, the journey towards a connected Africa through a common constitutional framework and sustainable policies may appear challenging, but the optimism that underpins this vision is undeniable.

By banding together, African nations can transcend their geographical and historical divides, embracing the commonalities that bind them. 

Imagine a future where seamless trade flows across borders, where farmers are efficiently connected to urban markets, where ideas flourish through shared knowledge, and where Africa's vast resources are utilized sustainably and equitably. This vision is not merely a dream but an attainable goal that requires collective will, commitment, and a forward-thinking mindset.

As Africa continues its journey into the future, the call for connection is clear. Through a shared constitutional framework and sustainable policies, the continent can build not only better roads and railways but a brighter, more prosperous future for all its people.

Together, Africans have the potential to create a legacy of unity, progress, and innovation for generations to come. 

African Continental Free Trade Area 

A Gateway to Prosperity

The African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) represents a transformative chapter in Africa's economic narrative.

Established in 2018 and officially launched in 2021, this ambitious agreement signifies more than just an economic partnership; it embodies the continent's collective aspiration to foster intra-African trade, stimulate economic growth, and build a more integrated African economy.

By reducing tariffs and non-tariff barriers among member states, AfCFTA stands as a beacon of hope, positioning Africa as a formidable player in the global economy.

At its core, AfCFTA aims to create a market of over 1.3 billion people, representing a combined GDP of nearly $3 trillion. This colossal economic zone holds immense potential for fostering trade that is not only more efficient but also more dynamic.

Intra-African trade has long been constrained by high tariffs, regulatory challenges, and limited infrastructure.

With AfCFTA, member states are presented with an opportunity to address these hurdles collaboratively. The elimination of tariffs on 90% of goods traded within Africa will lower the cost of goods, enhance market access, and allow enterprises—from small businesses to large corporations—to thrive.

The optimistically anticipated impact of AfCFTA extends beyond mere economic figures. It has the potential to catalyze industrialization across the continent. By removing barriers to trade, African nations can leverage their comparative advantages, fostering a diversified industrial base.

This is especially crucial for value-added industries, where local resources can be transformed into finished products, thereby creating jobs and igniting entrepreneurship.

Countries traditionally reliant on the export of raw materials can transition to manufacturing, enhancing their economic resilience and sustainability.

Furthermore, AfCFTA encourages the development of regional value chains, enabling countries to specialize in specific sectors while benefiting from the collective strengths of their neighbors. For instance, a nation rich in minerals can supply raw materials to neighboring countries, where they can be processed into finished goods.

This interconnectedness promotes economic interdependence, mitigating risks associated with economic shocks and disruptions.

The result is a more robust economic framework that empowers nations to weather global economic uncertainties with greater resilience.

A pivotal aspect of the AfCFTA’s optimistic outlook is its emphasis on small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). These businesses are the backbone of most African economies, accounting for a significant share of employment and economic output.

AfCFTA is designed to facilitate access to larger markets, enabling SMEs to scale operations, increase innovation, and create jobs.

This is crucial for addressing unemployment and poverty, as SMEs often employ marginalized groups and contribute to grassroots economic growth.

Another dimension of AfCFTA that evokes optimism is its potential for fostering greater collaboration among African nations. The agreement symbolizes a commitment to unity, signaling an end to the fragmentation that has historically hindered the continent’s progress.

As countries come together to engage in trade discussions, share best practices, and harmonize regulations, they cultivate a spirit of cooperation that transcends borders.

This unity is essential for addressing common challenges such as climate change, infrastructure development, and public health crises. By working together, African nations can create holistic solutions that are mutually beneficial and sustainable.

Moreover, AfCFTA is poised to enhance Africa's position in the global trade landscape. As the world increasingly seeks diversified trading partners, Africa stands ready to play a pivotal role. The continent is rich in resources and possesses a youthful population, making it an attractive destination for foreign investment. With the AfCFTA paving the way for more efficient trade, Africa can amplify its voice in international trade negotiations and attract investments that are critical for development and innovation.

Compatriots, the African Continental Free Trade Area is not merely an economic agreement; it is a visionary framework that holds the promise of significant growth, collaboration, and development across the continent.

By facilitating intra-African trade, nurturing industries, empowering small businesses, and fostering unity, AfCFTA paints an optimistic picture of Africa’s future. As member states work together to harness the opportunities presented by this landmark agreement, the continent stands on the cusp of a new era—one marked by economic resilience, sustainable development, and shared prosperity.

The journey ahead is not without challenges, but with a spirit of cooperation and determination, Africa can indeed transform its economic landscape for generations to come.

Compatriots, lastly, if we are to achieve sustainable solutions and ensure a successful African Continental Free Trade Area, then education is key, sustainable quality public education in South Africa is an achievable goal, but it requires a holistic approach that incorporates culture, ethical leadership, data monitoring, financial prudence, adherence to mandates and continuous stakeholder engagement.

By investing in these areas, South Africa can create an education system that not only addresses present challenges but also anticipates future needs.

A commitment to these principles can empower the youth of South Africa, nurturing a generation capable of driving progress and innovation. Embracing this vision paves the way for a brighter future in Africa, where quality education is not just a privilege for the few but a right for all.

Compatriots, these are some of the issues we had thought of sharing and bringing to your attention for your consideration and to reflect on, so that you do not only look what appears on the surface, but dig deeper and make a comprehensive analysis and be able to respond from an informed view as you deal with the question of how we resolve our socio-economics challenges with sustainable solutions.iyabulela!